What is Raynaud’s Syndrome?

Raynaud’s phenomenon, also known as Raynaud’s syndrome or Raynaud’s disease, is a condition characterized by episodic narrowing (vasospasm) of the small arteries that supply blood to the extremities, primarily the fingers and toes. This narrowing of the blood vessels leads to reduced blood flow, resulting in color changes, pain, and sensations of cold or numbness in the affected areas. The Color changes typically presents response to cold temperatures or emotional stress in the following sequence:

  • Initial phase (pallor): The affected area turns pale or white due to the decreased blood flow.
  • Second phase (cyanosis): The affected area becomes bluish or purple due to the lack of oxygen.
  • Final phase (rubor): As the blood vessels reopen, the area may turn red and experience a tingling or throbbing sensation.

Types of Raynaud’s Syndrome

Primary Raynaud’s: This is the most common form and occurs without an underlying medical condition. 

Secondary Raynaud’s: This form is associated with an underlying medical condition such as autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma), connective tissue disorders, arterial diseases, or exposure to certain medications or chemicals. 

 

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